NARRATOR:
Édouard Manet is famed for his figure paintings, but he felt that still-life paintings had great power. He once said that “a painter can say all he wants to with fruit or flowers or even clouds.” Here, a simple grouping of fish and shrimp reveals much about Manet’s approach to art.
At first glance, the arrangement seems casual, as if someone has just returned from the market and placed the unwrapped seafood on the counter. It’s very different from a still-life obviously composed by the painter for aesthetic or symbolic reasons. But the longer we look at this array, the more complexity it reveals. The fish and simple white napkin occupy nearly a third of the canvas. The dark, flat background creates a very shallow space, pushing the arrangement nearly into our space. But Manet counters this claustrophobic feeling by carefully placing the fish to create a sense of openness. The salmon’s tail curves gracefully, sweeping up toward the right corner, while the snout of the needle fish points downward, extending past the edge of the painting. That leads our eye beyond the confined space of the canvas, bringing energy to this quiet subject. The parsley beneath the fish, added with quick, irregular brushstrokes, further animates the scene.
Texture and color are also surprisingly dynamic here. With a limited palette of brown, gray, coral and white, Manet conveys the shiny, silvery quality of the fishes’ skin—and captures the texture of a real fish with thick dabs of oil-rich paint.
Still Life with Fish and Shrimp
1864
Édouard Manet (French, 1832-1883)
On View
As the critic Émile Zola explained in 1866, “Even the most determined enemies of Édouard Manet’s talent admit that he paints inanimate objects well.” Unlike the ambitious figure paintings he sent to the Salon year after year, Manet’s modest still lifes were universally admired in his own time. Stripping the genre of its allegorical associations—fasts and feasts, time, the seasons, the senses—compositions like this one excused early viewers from the need to decipher a story or conventional meaning, freeing them instead to admire Manet’s deft, succinct application of paint, evident in the salmon’s glittering, impasted scales, the long, elegant strokes of the needlefish’s head, and the dainty, filigreed shrimp.
Details
- Artist Name: Édouard Manet (French, 1832-1883)
- Title: Still Life with Fish and Shrimp
- Date: 1864
- Medium: Oil on canvas
- Dimensions: 17-5/8 x 28-3/4 in. (44.8 x 73 cm)
- Credit Line: Norton Simon Art Foundation
- Accession Number: M.1978.25.P
- Copyright: © Norton Simon Art Foundation
Object Information
Jean Dollfus, by 1884.
Madame Besnard, Paris.
Marquis de Biron, Paris, by 1902 until at least 1926.
[Paul Rosenberg, Paris];
[Durand-Ruel, Paris];
Edith Dunn (Mrs. Alfred Chester) Beatty, London, by 1932, by inheritance to;
Sir Alfred Chester Beatty (1875-1968), London and Dublin, sold 16 March 1955 to;
[Paul Rosenberg, New York; stock no. 5611, offered 12 March 1959 and subsequently sold 8 February 1960 to];
Donald Ellis Simon, Los Angeles and Paris, bequest to;
The Norton Simon Foundation, Los Angeles (sale, New York, Sotheby Parke Bernet, 3 May 1973, lot 28, ill., as Nature morte aux poissons, bought-in);
[Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, sold 1978 to];
Norton Simon Art Foundation.
Madame Besnard, Paris.
Marquis de Biron, Paris, by 1902 until at least 1926.
[Paul Rosenberg, Paris];
[Durand-Ruel, Paris];
Edith Dunn (Mrs. Alfred Chester) Beatty, London, by 1932, by inheritance to;
Sir Alfred Chester Beatty (1875-1968), London and Dublin, sold 16 March 1955 to;
[Paul Rosenberg, New York; stock no. 5611, offered 12 March 1959 and subsequently sold 8 February 1960 to];
Donald Ellis Simon, Los Angeles and Paris, bequest to;
The Norton Simon Foundation, Los Angeles (sale, New York, Sotheby Parke Bernet, 3 May 1973, lot 28, ill., as Nature morte aux poissons, bought-in);
[Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, sold 1978 to];
Norton Simon Art Foundation.
Edouard Manet
- Paris, Galerie Martinet, 1865 to 1865
Exposition des oeuvres d'Édouard Manet
- Paris, École Nationale des Beaux-Arts, 1884-01-06 to 1884-01-28
Exposition de tableaux, statues, et objets d'art au profit de l'oeuvre des Orphelins d'Alsace-Lorraine
- Paris, Salle des États au Louvre, 1885 to 1885
Exhibition of French Art 1200-1900
- London, Royal Academy, 1932-01-04 to 1932-03-05
Fifty-ninth Autumn Exhibition
- Liverpool, Walker Art Gallery, 1933-10-04 to 1933-12-13
Muse or Ego: Salon and Independent Artists of the 1880s
- Montgomery Art Center, 1963-04-17 to 1963-05-12
[on loan]
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1970-08-04 to 1971-05-20
Collecting the Masters
- Milwaukee Art Center, 1977-06-03 to 1977-07-31
[on loan]
- Princeton University Art Museum, 1978-06-30 to 1979-04-16
Special Exhibition for the College Art Association (Mr. and Mrs. Norton Simon Collection)
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1965-01-18 to 1965-04-16
[on loan]
- Minneapolis, Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1971-05-21 to 1972-09-28
Édouard Manet 1832-1883
- Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1966-11-03 to 1966-12-11
- Art Institute of Chicago, 1967-01-13 to 1967-02-19
Manet: Three Paintings from the Norton Simon Museum
- The Frick Collection, 2019-10-16 to 2020-01-05
Reinstallation of South Wing
- Norton Simon Museum, 1993-10-07 to 1995-08-13
Under the Influence: Art-Inspired Art
- Norton Simon Museum, 2008-10-17 to 2009-03-02
Significant Objects: The Spell of Still Life
- Norton Simon Museum, 2012-07-20 to 2013-01-21
- Duret, Théodore, Histoire d'Édouard Manet et de son oeuvre avec un Catalogue des Peintures et des Pastels, no. 120 p. 251
- The Studio, p. 78
- Kennedy, Brian P., Irish Arts Review, pp. 45, 49, 50, 51
- Darragon, Éric, Manet, fig. 116
- Bajou, Valérie, Frédéric Bazille 1841-1870, fig. 57 pp. 91, 117
- Duret, Théodore, Histoire d'Édouard Manet et de son oeuvre. Avec un catalogue des peintures et des pastels, 1902, no. 120 p. 222
- Moreau-Nélaton, Étienne, Catalogue manuscript de l'oeuvre de Manet, 1906, no. 61
- Moreau-Nélaton, Étienne, Manet raconté par lui-même, 1926, vol. p. 62, fig. 64; vol. II, pp. 86, 128, no. 55, fig. 338 p. 62; pp. 86, 128
- Tabarant, Adolphe, Manet: Histoire catalographique, 1931, no. 89 pp. 130-131, 578
- Tabarant, Adolphe, Manet et ses oeuvres, 1947, fig. 88 pp. 96, 535, 604
- Newsweek, 1966, p. 105
- Pool, Phoebe; and Sandra Orienti, The Complete Paintings of Manet, 1967, no. 78 p. 94
- Venturi, Marcello; and Sandra Orienti, L'opera pittorica di Edouard Manet, 1967, no. 78 p. 94
- Rouart, Denis; and Sandra Orienti, Tout l'oeuvre peint d'Edouard Manet, 1970, no. 77 p. 94
- Rouart, Denis and Daniel Wildenstein, Edouard Manet: Catalogue raisonné, 1975, no. 82
- Hanson, Anne Coffin, Manet and the Modern Tradition, 1977, pl. 28 p. 70
- Masterpieces from the Norton Simon Museum, 1989, p. 124
- Jamot, Paul; and Georges Wildenstein, Manet, 1992, vol. I, p. 128, no. 99; vol. II, fig. 411 p. 128
- Rubin, James H., Manet's Silence and the Poetics of Bouquets, 1994, fig. 69 pp. 178-179
- Armstrong, Carol, Manet/Manette, 2002, fig. 140 p. 272
- Museo del Prado, Manet en el Prado, 2003, pp. 224, 454
- Brettell, Richard R. and Stephen F. Eisenman, Nineteenth-Century Art in the Norton Simon Museum, volume 1, 2006,
- Campbell, Sara, Collector Without Walls: Norton Simon and His Hunt for the Best, 2010, cat. 82 p. 254
- James H. Rubin, Edouard Manet: Initiale M, L'Oeil, Une Main, 2011, Fig. 145 p. 316
- Art Institute of Chicago, Manet: Paintings and Works on Paper at the Art Institute of Chicago, 2017, fig. 2.2 referenced and image included in unnumbered pages in essay for Cat. 2
- Pullins, David, Manet: Three Paintings From the Norton Simon Museum, 2019, fig. 8, fig. 14 p. 6, 11, 13, 17, pp. 27-41, p. 80, p. 91; p. 8 (ill.), p. [26] (ill.), p. 33 (ill.), p. 80 (ill.)
- Deutsch, Allison, Consuming Painting: Food and the Feminine in Impressionist Pairs, 2021, Fig. 13 pp. 41-44, p. 42 (ill.)
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