NARRATOR:
A troupe of incredible simian creatures romp in a lush jungle wonderland. Two of them, strangely resembling bearded men, swing from a tree bearing ripe oranges. Above, on the far left, another monkey looks on, nearly hidden behind the branches. At the lower center, limbs reach up from spiky grass, catching the fruit shaken from the tree.
Henri Rousseau organized this strange paradise in a lattice pattern of horizontal rows. The enormous foliage is so dense it blocks out the background, keeping this magical scene up close to us. The entire canvas glows in an eerie light, with every element in crystal-clear focus.
The famed poet Guillaume Apollinaire recalled that Rousseau himself was deeply affected by his work:
APOLLINAIRE (ACTOR):
“He had such a strong sense of reality that sometimes when painting a fantastic subject he would become terrified, and all atremble, he would be obliged to open the window.”
NARRATOR:
Dream worlds like this one were Henri Rousseau’s specialty—and are unique to this self-taught painter. He was called Le Douanier, the customs inspector, and indeed that was his job until he retired in 1885 and devoted himself to painting. Fellow artists of the period and succeeding generations of painters have admired his otherworldly vision and inventive technique.
Exotic Landscape
1910
Henri Rousseau (French, 1844-1910)
On View
A low-level bureaucrat in the toll collector’s office of the Paris city government, Rousseau received no formal training as an artist. Frankly naive, richly imagined dreamscapes like this scene of humanoid monkeys at play earned him the affection of avant-garde artists and writers, including Pablo Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire, who nicknamed him “Le Douanier” (the Customs Officer). Rousseau referred to his jungle landscapes as “my Mexican pictures,” claiming they were inspired by his military service in Mexico. But in fact Le Douanier had most likely never left France. His compositions packed with exotic flora and fauna were based on a careful study of picture books and animals at the Paris zoo.
Details
- Artist Name: Henri Rousseau (French, 1844-1910)
- Title: Exotic Landscape
- Date: 1910
- Medium: Oil on canvas
- Dimensions: 51-1/4 x 64 in. (130.2 x 162.6 cm)
- Credit Line: The Norton Simon Foundation
- Accession Number: F.1971.3.P
- Copyright: © The Norton Simon Foundation
Object Information
[Ambrose Vollard, Paris, 1910].
Tetzen-Lund, Copenhagen, by 1922.
[Paul Rosenberg, Paris].
[Chester H. Johnson Galleries, Chicago].
Mrs. Robert F. McCormick, Chicago and Washington; by 1933 (sale, New York, Sotheby's, 21 October 1971, lot 90, to);
The Norton Simon Foundation.
Tetzen-Lund, Copenhagen, by 1922.
[Paul Rosenberg, Paris].
[Chester H. Johnson Galleries, Chicago].
Mrs. Robert F. McCormick, Chicago and Washington; by 1933 (sale, New York, Sotheby's, 21 October 1971, lot 90, to);
The Norton Simon Foundation.
Paintings, Drawings & Sculpture Collected by Yale Alumni
- New Haven, Yale University Art Gallery, 1960-05-19 to 1960-06-26
- Chien Chu Ying, EPH Pre-school Learning Kit,2011, p. 11
- Vallier, D., Rousseau, il Doganiere,no. 252, pl. 112, 63
- The Museums of the World, pp. 26-27
- Zervos, C., Rousseau, p. 86a
- Brommer, G., Discovering Art History, p. 387
- Professor Neil Spiller, Architecture and Surrealism,2016, p.19(ill.), 20
- University: A Princeton Quarterly,no. 60
- Schimmel, Paul and Thomas Lawson, Laura Owens, p. 32
- Rich, D. C., Henri Rousseau, pp. 69, 72
- Le Pichon, Y., The World of Henri Rousseau, p. 163
- Campbell, Sara, Collector Without Walls: Norton Simon and His Hunt for the Best,2010, cat. 748 p. 334
- Keay, C., Henri Rousseau Le Douanier,pl. 32 p. 177
- Koch, Dr. Christof, The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach,2003, cover
- Bouret, J., Henri Rousseau,pl. 49 p. 157
- Stabenow, C. von, Henri Rousseau. Die Dschungelbilder,pl. 23
- Sotheby's, Hong Kong, Walter Spies: The Magic Realist,2018, pp. 19-21
- Steadman, D., The Connoisseur,fig. E. pp. 226, 299
- Dupre, Darwin's Legacy: What Evolution Means Today, cover
- Certigny, H., La verité sur le Dounier Rousseau, pp. 427-28
- Certigny, H., Le Douanier Rousseau et son temps, biographie et catalogue raisonné,no. 309 p. 668
- Masterpieces from the Norton Simon Museum,1989, pp. 174-175
- Brommer, G., Landscapes, p. 40
- Morris, Francis, Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris,2005, fig. 83 p. 113
- Vallier, D., Henri Rousseau,no. 171 p. 26, 310
- Plazy, G., Le Douanier Rousseau-Paysages, p. 58
- Steadman, David W., The Connoisseur,pl. E pp. 226, 229
- Alley, R., Portrait of a Primitive, pp. 71, 72, 79
- Dupre, Darwin's Legacy: What Evolution Means Today (Paperback Edition),2005, (detail) cover
- Bouret, J., Henri Rousseau,pl. 15
- Dinerstein, Eric et al., A Workbook for Conducting Biological Assessments and Developing Biodiversity Visions for Ecoregion-Based Conservation, Part I: Terrestrial Ecoregions, cover
- Kolle, Helmud, Henri Rousseau,no. 33
- Vallier, D., Henri Rousseau, p. 89
Related Media
Image reproduction permission may be granted for scholarly or arts related commercial use. All image requests, regardless of their intended purpose, should be submitted via the reproduction request form.
Images may be protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights. Additional permission may be required.
Approved requests for the reproduction of an image will receive a contract detailing all fees and conditions of use of the image. Upon receipt of both the signed contract and full payment, the Office of Rights and Reproductions will provide the image. A complimentary copy of the published material must be provided to the Norton Simon Museum.